Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport

"Bombay Airport," "Mumbai Airport" and "Sahar Airport" redirect here. For Mumbai's general aviation airport, see Juhu Aerodrome.
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
छ्त्रपती शिवाजी आंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ
IATA: BOM – ICAO: VABB
BOM
Location of airport in India
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner GVK, Airports Authority of India
Operator Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL)
Serves Mumbai
Location Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Hub for
Elevation AMSL 37 ft / 11 m
Website www.csia.in
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
14/32 2,925 9,596 Asphalt
09/27 3,445 11,302 Asphalt
Statistics (Apr '10 - Mar '11)
Passenger movements 29,971,913
Aircraft movements 242,651
Cargo tonnage 690,233
Source: AAI [1][2][3]

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (Marathi: छ्त्रपती शिवाजी आंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ) (IATA: BOM, ICAO: VABB), formerly Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport in Mumbai, India, and is named after the 17th century Maratha Emperor, Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle. the Airport's IATA code - "BOM" , is derived from Bombay, Mumbai's former name.

The airport is South Asia's second busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic.[4][5] and the busiest airport in India in terms of international passenger traffic and the second busiest in terms of overall passenger traffic.[6] The airport has five operating terminals spread over an operational area of 1,450 acres (5.9 km2) and is India's and South Asia's largest and most important airline hub; it handled more than 29.9 million passengers and 670,235 tonnes of cargo in 2010–2011.[7][8] Along with Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, it handles more than half of the air traffic in South Asia.[9][10][11] In 2010, the airport was ranked the 30th busiest airport in the world in terms of cargo with 671,238 tonnes handled.

The airport is one amongst a few airports in the world to be located within City municipal limits and has almost reached its saturation point. Hence a massive scale modernisation is underway and once it is completed it is again set to become the busiest airport in the country. In February 2006, Mumbai International Airport Limited, a consortium of GVK Industries Ltd, Airports Company South Africa, and Bidvest,[12] was appointed to carry out the modernisation of Mumbai Airport. According to a report submitted by GVK to the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the airport's total operating area covers 936 acres (3.79 km2) of which actual encroached land is 262 acres (1.06 km2) against a government estimate of 147 acres (0.59 km2). Land subject to legal proceedings covers an area of 34 acres (140,000 m2).

Contents

History

The Juhu Aerodrome functioned as Mumbai's sole airport until 1942. Due to operational constraints imposed by its low-level location and proximity to the Arabian Sea coastline making it vulnerable during the monsoon season, a move further inland became necessary.

In 1942 a bigger airfield was set up at Santa Cruz, which was also home to several RAF Squadrons from 1942 to 1947 during World War II. [13] The apron existed on the south side of runway 09/27, and the area, referred to today as the "Old Airport", houses, among others, maintenance hangars of Air India, Air Works India and MIAL's General Aviation Terminal.

In its first year, it handled six civilian services a day. Traffic at the airport increased after Karachi was partitioned to Pakistan and as many as 40 daily internal and foreign services operated by 1949. [14]

In 1946 the RAF began the process of handing over the airfield to the civil aviation authorities in India. [15]

By June 1948, a new terminal building and apron had been constructed across the runway 09/27, which was used by Air India for its maiden international flight to London.[16] Named after the neighbourhood in which it stood and initially under the aegis of the Public Works Department, the new airport was subsequently run by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It's name remained Santa Cruz Airport until the new international terminal at nearby Sahar became operational in 1981.[17] After a major fire gutted the Santa Cruz terminal in 1979, a temporary departure extension or "Gulf Terminal" became functional in October that year. Prior to the fire, plans were already underway by the mid-1970s to construct a new international terminal since Santa Cruz, despite several extensions, had insufficent operational capacity. Even today, the domestic terminals 1-A and 1-B are still commonly referred to as Santa Cruz. Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL), a consortium of GVK Industries Limited (GVK) and Airports Company South Africa (ACSA), was appointed to carry out the modernisation of Mumbai Airport in February 2006.[18]

Structure

The airport consists of two passenger terminals: Terminal 1 at Santacruz for domestic flights and Terminal 2 at Sahar for international flights. These terminals use the same airside facilities but are physically separated on the cityside, requiring a 15–20 minute (airside) drive between them. MIAL operates coach shuttle services between the domestic and international terminals for transit passengers.

Mumbai has two intersecting runways designated 09/27 and 14/32. Runway 14/32 is 2,925 metres (9,596 ft),[19] long and runs between terminals 1 and 2, while the main runway 09/27 is 3,445 m (11,302 ft)[19] long (previously designated as 3,489 m (11,447 ft)) and intersects it south of the terminal buildings. Both runways have been upgraded to code F, which means they can accommodate larger aircraft like the Airbus A380. Runway 09/27 is connected to a full-length parallel taxiway to its north by 9 taxiways including two rapid exit taxiways Runway 14/32 has six taxiways including two rapid exit taxiways that connect to a parallel taxiway running along its eastern flank.

Instrument landing system (ILS) approaches are available on all runways, with runway 27 having CAT2 capabilities. The ILS on 27 starts at 3,700 ft (1,100 m) and is 10.5 nautical miles (19.4 km) long with a glide slope path of 3.3°. With regard to (truncated) use of both runways, only 11,303 ft (3,445 m) is designated usable at 09/27 and 9,596 ft (2,925 m) at 14/32, especially for landings. Due to maintenance runway 09/27 is unavailable for operations between 0715–0915Z on Mondays and Saturdays, and between 0715–0845Z on Wednesdays.

From 1 January 2006, both runways were operated simultaneously for three hours in the morning from 0530 to 0830. On average, about 50 flights of smaller aircraft have taken off daily from 14/32 in this time period. Since the experiment was deemed successful it has recently been decided to carry out simultaneous use in the evenings too. It is not clear if this will be for two hours or three hours. A rate of 25 departures per hour is being targeted in the evening slot. The problems with utilising 14/32 are: (i) Mumbai's controversial new control tower erected in 1996 and some 72 m (236 ft) tall penetrates transitional obstacle limitation surfaces by over 50 m (160 ft) for instrument approaches, and in excess of 40 m (130 ft) for visuals. Approach minima at both 14 and 32 ends are higher (based on best approach aid) and are as follows: runway 14 (DA 580 ft (180 m)), runway 32 (MDA 1,440 ft (440 m)) compared to runway 09 (DA 270 ft (82 m)) or runway 27 (DA 230 ft (70 m)), meaning that there is a higher probability of missed approaches and diversions in inclement weather (ii) a hillock, Trombay Hill, lies 4.5 nmi (8.3 km) away from the 32 end, an approach also questioned recently by security agencies because the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) nuclear complex at Trombay (Anushakti Nagar) lies within its flight path.

L&T ECCD have been awarded the contract to expand Terminal 1 and to construct a new international terminal. The brand new International Terminal T2 is being designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM). Design Cell, a reputed firm based in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and New York has been appointed as Landscape Architects for the cityside open spaces at the departure and arrival level. T2 is expected to be completed by 2013. The terminal is X-shaped and has a total floor area of 4.3 million square metres across four floors. The new terminal will have 184 check-in counters, 56 passenger boarding bridges, 14 reclaim belts, around 700,000 sq ft of retail space and lounges and travel services and a car parking facility for over 5,000 cars. Currently, the airport has around 30 boarding bridges, 135 check-in counters and parking capacity for 3,600 vehicles.[20]

Expansion

Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL), a consortium of GVK Industries Limited (GVK) and Airports Company South Africa (ACSA), was appointed to carry out the modernisation of Mumbai Airport in February 2006. MIAL improved areas of passenger convenience like curbside, terminal entrances, and improved cleanliness. Human resources initiatives were taken such as employee communication and training. Some of the changes that have taken place at CSIA in the recent past include: aesthetic changes, additional check-in counters, refurbished toilets, improved signage, additional food and beverage outlets, better curbside, and management leading to a smoother traffic flow. The Airport's expansion plans have been repeatedly thwarted by slums encroaching onto the airport area.[21]

The graphic design and ambientation of the airport has mainly been created by Argentinan design studio Steinbranding. Landscape improvements were designed by Design Cell, a firm specialising in landscape architecture.

Master plan

In October 2006, MIAL unveiled the master plan[22] for CSIA, which has been designed to expand and upgrade the infrastructure to cater for 40 million passengers per year and one million metric tonnes of cargo per year by 2010.[23] The separate international and domestic terminals will be merged into one terminal building at the current international building and the current domestic terminal will be converted to a dedicated cargo terminal. MIAL has also incorporated a parallel runway as part of the master plan but there are some obstructions to this part of the which includes land acquisition and rehabilitation of slums as well as relocation of a number of airport facilities.[24]

The implementation will be undertaken in two stages:

Revamped CSIA

Key facilities at the revamped CSIA[25]
Facilities Proposed Existing
Parking stands for aircraft 106 84
Boarding bridges 56 25
Check-in counters 184 135
Car parking 5,000 3,600

New taxiways have been developed to reduce the runway occupancy time by aircraft after landing. The airport has five rapid exit taxiways. By 2013, 11 rapid exit taxiways will be constructed.[26] MIAL is undertaking the installation of a centralised data system which will provide information about domestic as well as international flights to all display devices at both terminals instead of just one or the other as at present. There are plans to extend the scope of the system to the air traffic control (ATC) and apron control areas, the airport website and even to leading hotel chains. A centralised call centre to provide flight details is also envisaged. While a parallel runway has apparently been ruled out by the AAI and Civil Aviation Ministry, at least for the time being, the ATC tower is now expected to be taken down and relocated to facilitate cross-runway operation.

A Wi-Fi service is available free of charge throughout the airport.[27]

Project facts

Parallel runway

A second parallel runway is one of the options being considered to meet objections raised by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests against the proposed location of the Navi Mumbai International Airport near Kopra Panvel.

Two alternatives have been mooted by MIAL in unveiled the master plan[22] for CSIA.

  1. An east-west runway parallel to the existing runway 09/27 on the southern side. With a length of 12,500 ft (3,800 m), this runway will accommodate new-generation aircraft, and also be sufficiently distant (more than 800 feet (240 m) apart) from the existing runway; it would necessitate the relocation of Air-India's hangars and maintenance facilities.
  2. A second runway parallel to the current cross runway 14/32 on the northern side, between the international terminal to the north and the Kalina campus university grounds. The airport's flight kitchens and the Sahar police station would have to be moved and the area to which they could be relocated is occupied by thousands of slum-dwellers.

Terminals, airlines and destinations

The airport consists of four terminals:

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 comprises of three adjacent structures, designated 1A, 1B and 1C.

Terminal 2

Designed by Aéroports de Paris and opened in January 1981, Terminal 2 was built in phases as 2-A, 2-B, and 2-C.

The Terminal 2 complex is under re-development and will handle all passenger traffic (international and domestic) when completed.

General Aviation Terminal

CSIA's GA Terminal for private and non-scheduled flight operators (NSOPs) is located at Kalina on the south-west side of the airfield. The terminal was approved for international operations in April 2011, making CSIA the first airport in India to have a self contained terminal for handling round the clock domestic and international flight operations for private and NSOPs. The terminal offers facilities for passengers departing and arriving on private aircraft and business jets. The terminal has two exclusive lounges, two conference halls, two crew rest rooms and a cafe bar.[30]

Cargo Terminal

The Air Cargo Complex, located west of the International Passenger Terminal (T2), has been in operation since 1977.[31] The cargo apron is capable of handling five wide-bodied aircraft. In 2009-10, the airport handled 385,937 metric tones of International Cargo and 165,252 metric tones of Domestic Cargo.[32]

Air India (AI) and Mumbai International Airport Pvt Ltd (MIAL) have been appointed as custodians of cargo by the Central Board of Excise and Customs at Mumbai. MIAL handles 33 airlines while AI handles 11. Apart from handling 65% of the international volumes at CSIA, MIAL also operates the Common User Domestic Cargo Facility since November 2009 handling three airlines viz Deccan 360, IndiGo and Kingfisher Airlines. The common user facility for exports is 7,500 m2 and handles 11,000 tonnes per month. The Common User Express Terminal for couriers is operated by the Express Industry Council of India. Small shipments are handled via the International Passenger Terminal or the Domestic Passenger Terminal while larger express parcels are handled through the general cargo warehouses.

The Cargo Terminal has a Centre for Perishable Cargo(CPC) with an area of 1844 m2 for perishable and temperature sensitive international export shipments, strong rooms of 115 m2 for storage of valuable cargo and storage areas for dangerous goods in both import and export warehouses, dedicated Unaccompanied Baggage handling and clearance areas and 09 coloured X-ray cargo screening machines for export cargo.[33]

Passenger airlines

Airlines Destinations Terminal
Air Arabia Sharjah 2
Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle 2
Air India Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Gwalior, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jamnagar, Jodhpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Madurai, Mangalore, Nagpur, Raipur, Rajkot, Ranchi, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam 1A
Air India Abu Dhabi, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai, Dammam, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jeddah, London-Heathrow, Muscat, New York-JFK, Newark, Riyadh, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore 2
Air India Express Bahrain, Chennai, Delhi, Doha, Dubai, Kochi, Kozhikode, Mangalore, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirapalli 2
Air Mauritius Mauritius 2
AirAsia X Kuala Lumpur 2
All Nippon Airways
operated by Air Nippon		 Tokyo-Narita 2
Austrian Airlines Vienna 2
Bahrain Air Bahrain 2
Bangkok Airways Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 2
British Airways London-Heathrow 2
Cathay Pacific Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong 2
Delta Air Lines Amsterdam
Seasonal: Atlanta, Newark		 2
EgyptAir Cairo 2
El Al Tel Aviv 2
Emirates Dubai 2
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa 2
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 2
GoAir Ahmedabad, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Jaipur, Jammu, Kochi, Leh, Nagpur, Nanded, Srinagar 1B
Gulf Air Bahrain 2
IndiGo Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad,Indore, Jaipur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Nagpur, Patna, Raipur,Thiruvananthapuram, Vadodara 1B
IndiGo Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai, Muscat, Singapore 2
Iran Air Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
Jagson Airlines Shirdi 1B
Jet Airways Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhavnagar, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Bhuj, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mangalore, Patna, Porbandar, Pune, Ranchi, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, Vadodara, Visakhapatnam 1B
Jet Airways Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Colombo, Dammam, Dhaka, Doha, Dubai, Hong Kong, Jeddah, Johannesburg, Kathmandu, Kuwait, London-Heathrow, Muscat, Newark, Riyadh, Singapore 2
JetLite Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jammu, Kozhikode, Kolkata, Lucknow, Nagpur, Raipur, Rajkot, Srinagar 1B
Kenya Airways Nairobi 2
Kingfisher Airlines Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Goa, Hubli, Hyderabad, Jammu, Kandla, Khajuraho, Kochi, Kolkata, Patna, Ranchi, Srinagar, Udaipur, Varanasi 1A
Kingfisher Airlines Dubai, Hong Kong, London-Heathrow, Singapore 2
Korean Air Seoul-Incheon 2
Kuwait Airways Kuwait 2
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich 2
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur 2
Oman Air Muscat 2
Pakistan International Airlines Karachi 2
Qantas Singapore
Seasonal: Brisbane		 2
Qatar Airways Doha 2
Royal Jordanian Amman-Queen Alia 2
Saudi Arabian Airlines Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh
Seasonal: Medinah		 2
Singapore Airlines Singapore 2
South African Airways Johannesburg 2
SpiceJet Agartala, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jammu, Kochi, Kolkata, Madurai, Srinagar, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam 1B
SriLankan Airlines Colombo 2
Swiss International Air Lines Zurich 2
Thai Airways International Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 2
Turkish Airlines Istanbul-Atatürk 2
United Airlines Newark 2
Yemenia Aden, Sana'a 2

Cargo airlines

Cargo Airlines operating at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
Air Cargo Germany Air France Cargo Air India Cargo Atlas Air Blue Dart Aviation British Airways World Cargo
Cathay Pacific Cargo Deccan360 DHL Aviation Ethiopian Airlines Cargo Etihad Crystal Cargo FedEx Express
Kingfisher Xpress Lufthansa Cargo Midex Airlines Nordic Global Airlines Polet Airlines Qatar Airways Cargo
Saudi Arabian Airlines Cargo Singapore Airlines Cargo SriLankan Airlines Cargo Turkish Airlines Cargo UPS Airlines Uzbekistan Airways Cargo
Volga Dnepr

Statistics

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the Indian Subcontinent,[34] in terms of passengers carried per year and second-busiest in term of traffic movements.[35][36] The airport oficially handles 36 flights per hour and intends to increase this to 48.[37] The Mumbai-Delhi route was recently ranked by Official Airline Guide (OAG) as the seventh-busiest domestic route in the world, based on the number of flights per week. This airport, along with Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, is the primary international gateway to India and served by approximately 50 international airlines. It is the primary hub for Jet Airways and GoAir and also serves as a secondary hub for a few other airlines, including Air India, IndiGo, JetLite, Kingfisher Airlines and SpiceJet. International traffic peaks late in the night, whilst peak domestic traffic is before 10:00. Nevertheless, at least 45% of traffic flows between 10:00 and 18:30 daily.

In July 2010, the Airport was ranked fourth best in the world for having aerobridges, fancy food courts, spas, and salons.[38] This airport, along with airports in Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, and Kolkata handles more than 50% of the passengers in India. In the eleven months between April 2006 and February 2007, it handled 180,000 landings and take-offs and over 20 million passengers, with a total of 13.56 million domestic air passengers and 6.73 million international passengers. It registered a 21.28% growth in passenger traffic over the previous year 2005–06, when the figure was 17.6 million passengers[39]. In 2008, for the second year in a row, it was the world's most-delayed airport in terms of arrivals. Only 49.95% of arrivals were on time. About 58% of its late arrivals in 2008 were delayed by 30 minutes or more, although the delay in these arrivals is largely attributed to air congestion at a flight's origin.[40]

Airport services

Fixed base operators (FBO)

There are several fixed base operators at the airport and they include:

Caterers

Fuellers

Ground handlers

Accidents and incidents

1950s

1960s

1970s

2000s

2010s

Awards and honours

References

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Ahmedabad: Sardar Patel Airport • Amritsar: Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee Airport (Raja Sansi)¹ • Bangalore: Bengaluru Airport (Devanahalli) • Chennai (Madras): Chennai Airport (Meenambakkam) • Coimbatore Airport (Peelamedu)¹ • Delhi: Indira Gandhi Airport (Palam) • Gaya Airport¹ • Goa: Dabolim Airport¹ • Guwahati: Gopinath Bordoloi Airport (Borjhar)¹ • Hyderabad: Rajiv Gandhi Airport (Shamshabad) • Jaipur: Sanganer Airport¹ • Kochi (Cochin): Cochin Airport (Nedumbassery) • Kolkata (Calcutta): Subhash Chandra Bose Airport (Dum Dum) • Kozhikode (Calicut): Calicut Airport (Karipur) • Lucknow: Amausi Airport¹ • Mangalore Airport (Bajpe)¹ • Mumbai (Bombay): Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport (Sahar) • Nagpur: Babasaheb Ambedkar Airport (Sonegaon)¹ • Pune Airport (Lohegaon)¹ • Siliguri: Bagdogra Airport¹ • Srinagar: Sheikh ul Alam Airport¹ • Trichy: Tiruchirapalli Airport¹ • Trivandrum Airport • Varanasi (Benares): Babatpur Airport¹

  • Note: ¹ Designated as a "restricted international airport" ("customs airport"); a limited number of international flights are permitted at these airports.
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